[124] Together with the continuing innovations being created from the creation of artificial diamonds, foreseeable future programs have become feasible. The high thermal conductivity of diamond causes it to be suitable like a heat sink for built-in circuits in electronics.[127] Mining
Laboratories use approaches for example spectroscopy, microscopy, and luminescence underneath shortwave ultraviolet gentle to determine a diamond's origin.
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Higher than the graphite–diamond–liquid carbon triple stage, the melting stage of diamond increases slowly with raising pressure; but at pressures of hundreds of GPa, it decreases.
Today, nevertheless, most diamonds come from instantly mining the diamond-bearing rock, which known as kimberlite once the mining town of Kimberley in South Africa in which it absolutely was very first discovered.
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They can be a mix of xenocrysts and xenoliths (minerals and rocks carried up from the reduced crust and mantle), parts of floor rock, altered minerals like serpentine, and new minerals that crystallized during the eruption. The texture varies with depth. The composition varieties a continuum with carbonatites, although the latter have far too much oxygen for carbon to exist in the pure form. Instead, it can be locked up inside the mineral calcite (CaCO
Imitation diamonds can be designed away from supplies including cubic zirconia and silicon carbide. Pure, artificial, and imitation diamonds are mostly distinguished using optical techniques or thermal conductivity measurements.
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Host rocks in the mantle keel include harzburgite and lherzolite, two form of peridotite. The most dominant rock type in the higher mantle, peridotite is an igneous rock consisting largely on the minerals olivine and pyroxene; it is actually low in silica and substantial in magnesium.